Abstract
Case reports of malignant tumors at sites of metal implants in humans and domestic dogs are reviewed; the results of carcinogenesis bioassays of implanted metallic nickel, chromium, and cobalt powders and alloys are summarized, and in vitro studies relevant to the carcinogenicity of metallic compounds and alloys are briefly discussed. These considerations suggest that local sarcomas may constitute a rare complication of orthopedic implants and prostheses fabricated of Ni, Cr, or Co alloys. The author recommends (a) that implant manufacturers and surgeons develop and use prostheses with minimal susceptibility to metal corrosion and wear; (b) that an international registry of implant-associated tumors be established; and (c) that epidemiological studies be undertaken to quantify cancer risks in patients with metal implants.
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