Carcinoembryonic antigen, α-fetoprotein, and Ki67 as biomarkers and prognostic factors in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Introduction and objectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels and prognostic roles of α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and Ki67 in tumor tissues of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients. Patients or materials and methodsThe study involved ninety-two ICC patients with complete clinicopathological data and follow-up information, who had previously undergone radical surgery. AFP, CEA, CD10, CD34, and Ki67 were detected in tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry. Statistical tests were used to identify independent risk factors and their associations with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). ResultsAFP, CEA and Ki67 were strongly correlated with prognosis. Univariate analysis indicated that higher AFP (P = 0.002), CEA (P < 0.0001), Ki67 (P < 0.0001), CA19-9 (P = 0.039), and CA12−5 (P = 0.002), and larger tumor size (P = 0.001), as well as more advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging (P < 0.0001) were all associated with worse OS. Meanwhile, higher AFP (P = 0.002), CEA (P = 0.001), and Ki67 (P < 0.0001), as well as more advanced TNM staging (P = 0.005) were associated with worse DFS. Multivariate analysis showed that higher AFP (HR = 2.004, 95%CI: 1.146-3.504 P = 0.015), CEA (HR = 2.226, 95%CI: 1.283−3.861 P = 0.004), and Ki67 (HR = 3.785, 95%CI: 2.073−6.909 P < 0.0001), as well as more advanced TNM staging (HR = 2.900, 95%CI: 1.498−5.757 P = 0.002) had associations with worse OS. Furthermore, higher AFP (HR = 2.172, 95%Cl: 1.291−3.654 P = 0.003), CEA (HR = 1.934, 95%Cl: 1.180−3.169 P = 0.009), and Ki67 (HR = 2.203, 95%Cl: 1.291−3.761 P = 0.004) had associations with worse DFS. ConclusionHigh AFP, CEA, and Ki67 are significant prognostic indicators in ICC patients, and can be used to evaluate ICC biological behavior and prognosis.