Abstract
Carboxylation represents an important route to afford CC bonds useful to make building block molecules for polymer chemistry. This chapter will focus on recent advances in the field of direct carboxylation reactions based on CO 2 . The use of urea and inorganic carbonate will be also discussed. Different kinds of synthetic approaches (electrochemical, photochemical, catalytic, and enzymatic) will be considered mainly as future perspectives from the point of view of possible industrial applications, focusing attention on the energy and atom economy. The use of heterogeneous catalytic species will be described, also with mechanistic considerations.
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