Abstract
A billet is a bar made from crude steel which surface contains scales which are rich in iron oxides. This study presents the carbothermal reduction of the scales formed in steel billets. The process included the reaction of the iron oxides contents with carbon (in ratio 5:1) and annealing in a tubular furnace under argon atmosphere. The occurred reactions are discussed using thermodynamic calculations and thermal analysis which indicate a three-stage reduction process Fe3O4 ➔ FeO ➔ Fe3C ➔α-Fe with intermediate reactions at the interval temperature 960 and 1300 °C. The X-ray diffraction confirms the reduction to α-Fe with minor presence of unreacted C, magnetite and wustite. Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis was performed at room temperature where a typical sextet corresponding to the dominant α-Fe is shown as well as wustite, magnetite and cementite to a lesser extent. The magnetization measurements confirm the ferromagnetic state corresponding to the α-Fe.
Highlights
Nowadays there is a high interest in metal recycling since this can offer a significant number of environmental benefits [1]
This work reports the carbothermal reduction of the mill scales formed on steel billets during continuous casting in SIDERPERU plant, Chimbote, Peru
The analysis reported in the Ref. [9] indicates that magnetite is not the predominant phase
Summary
Nowadays there is a high interest in metal recycling since this can offer a significant number of environmental benefits [1]. The surface of the steel is solidified through a process of cooling with water until it has a semi-product in the form of billets. During this process, iron ore fines, sponge iron fines and steel scale are released from the surface billets that are not used because they are very small particles. It is necessary to develop new advanced manufacturing techniques for the recycling of steel slag. This to improve the quality of life of low-income residents and preserve the environment. This work reports the carbothermal reduction of the mill scales formed on steel billets during continuous casting in SIDERPERU plant, Chimbote, Peru. One of the causes is the limited efficiency of the metal separation process
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