Abstract
Aromatic nitroderivatives e.g. nitrobenzene can be carbonylatively reduced with CO in water-methanol media, at 120–150°C and 10–15 MPa pressure. Aniline is obtained with selectivity over 97% at 100% nitrobenzene conversion. Reaction proceeds in the presence of multicomponent catalyst consisting of the base (favourable are the strong bases: sodium hydroxide or methoxide) and sulfur compound. The ratio of catalytic effectiveness of sulfur compounds is as follows S:CS 2:H 2S:COS = 1:1.3:10:10. Vanadium (V) compound can be added to improve selectivity of aniline formation. Aromatic dinitroderivatives undergo this reaction and selectivity to one of two main products (phenylenediamine or nitroaniline) can be switched by the choice of reaction conditions.
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