Abstract
<p>The 4n Series Method has been utilized to categorize, analyze and predict structures for transition metal carbonyl, borane, hydrocarbon and Zintl ion clusters. The method is being extended to study carbonyl chalcogenide clusters. Adequate examples have been given to demonstrate the application of the 4n series method to categorize clusters and where possible predict their possible skeletal structures. In this paper, the method is being applied to the study of carbonyl chalcogenide cluster complexes. What has been found is the striking structural similarity of a wide range of carbonyl chalcogenide clusters to those of corresponding hydrocarbon clusters. It was observed that when a derived hydrocarbon from a cluster, F<sub>CH</sub> = C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>q</sub>, is such that n&lt;q, the cluster portrays structural similarity with an equivalent hydrocarbon. On the other hand when n&gt;q, the ‘hydrocarbon character’ becomes reduced and the typical cluster tendencies increase. When n = q, the situation becomes more or less a borderline case. When q=0, then F<sub>CH</sub> = C<sub>n</sub>. When the series becomes bi-capped or more, then the equivalent carbon cations are obtained.</p>
Highlights
Boron and carbon atoms are next to each other in the periodic table, the boranes and their relatives are dominated by polyhedral shapes unlike the hydrocarbon analogues (Cotton, and Wilkinson, 1980)
During the study of the metal carbonyl clusters to determine the nature of their constitution, it was discovered that they generally obey the 14n rule while the main group clusters obey the 4n rule and that the two systems are interrelated via the isolobal relationship (Hoffmann, 1982; Kiremire, 2014, 2015, 2016)
In order to understand the application of series approach to categorize clusters and how they are interlinked, it is important to give some examples as illustrations
Summary
Boron and carbon atoms are next to each other in the periodic table, the boranes and their relatives are dominated by polyhedral shapes unlike the hydrocarbon analogues (Cotton, and Wilkinson, 1980). Arising from the unique polyhedral structures and potential applications, the clusters have continued to fascinate many scientists (Lipscomb, 1963; Wade, 1971, 1976; Pauling, 1977; Mingos, 1972, 1984; Hawthorne, et al, 1999; Jemmis, 2005; Jemmis, et al, 2006; Jemmis, et al, 2008; Welch, 2013). Wade-Mingos rules have been exceedingly useful in categorizing and predicting the shapes of clusters (Wade, 1971, 1976; Mingos, 1972, 1984; Welch, 2013). It was discerned that clusters could readily be categorized and their shapes predicted using the 4n series method (Kiremire, 2015, 2016)
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