Abstract
Today, the world’s climate change is a growing problem, plant carbon sequestration is one of the effective ways to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gases, mostly carbon gases. Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis), a common fern species in the tropic or subtropic ecoregions, has been recently recognized as a potential feedstock to produce highly porous biochar. This study aims to enhance the specific surface area (SSA) and pore volumes of biochars derived from the D. linearis by H3PO4 activation and examine electrical properties of the activated biochars and their possible usage for the electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode. The treated raw fern was activated with H3PO4 85% by the three different mixing ratios 1:0, 1:1, and 1:3 (w/w) and then pyrolysis under N2 flow maintained at 500 °C for 1 h. The performance as the electrode for an EDLC was evaluated in 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution for the H3PO4-activated samples. The SSA and pore volumes were drastically increased after activation. The maximum SSA and pore volume were 1212 m2 g−1 and 1.43 cm3 g−1, respectively for the biochar activated at 400 °C with a weight mixing ratio 1:3 (w/w) between the fern and H3PO4 acid while these values of the biochar at 400 °C were 12 m2 g−1 and 0.02 cm3 g−1, respectively. The biochar activated at 600 °C with the mixing ratio 1:1 (w/w) showed the maximum capacitance value, ca. 108 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1. The activation using H3PO4 showed a positive tendency to enhance electrochemical properties and it could be a premise toward a higher performance of EDLC from the D. linearis derived activated biochar.
Highlights
More researchers use biomass as a precursor material for producing biochars or activated biochars in controlled conditions
Having higher SSA in comparison with other biochar prepared at the same pyrolysis c ondition[5], fern D. linearis can be a promising material to prepared activated biochar and use for the electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode
This study evaluated the performance of H3PO4 in activating fern D. linearis derived biochars, electrical properties of the activated biochars and the feasibility of using these activated materials for well-performed EDLC electrodes
Summary
More researchers use biomass as a precursor material for producing biochars or activated biochars in controlled conditions. D. linearis has been more intensively studied and the findings suggested this fern species as a potential material for biochar production[5] or soil improvement[6,7] This encourages more research works to get the advantages from this type of species economically and e fficiently[5,6,7,8,9,10]. Activated carbon with large SSA and suitable pore size, which leads to high electrical conductivity and enhance the performance of the electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode, a well-known electric power storage device n owadays[23,24,25]. Having higher SSA in comparison with other biochar prepared at the same pyrolysis c ondition[5], fern D. linearis can be a promising material to prepared activated biochar and use for the EDLC electrode. This study evaluated the performance of H3PO4 in activating fern D. linearis derived biochars, electrical properties of the activated biochars and the feasibility of using these activated materials for well-performed EDLC electrodes
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