Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, kinetic, docking and molecular dynamics analysis of novel glycine and phenylalanine sulfonamide derivatives

Abstract

The inhibition of two human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II, with some novel glycine and phenylalanine sulfonamide derivatives were investigated. Newly synthesized compounds G1–4 and P1–4 showed effective inhibition profiles with KI values in the range of 14.66–315μM for hCA I and of 18.31–143.8μM against hCA II, respectively. In order to investigate the binding mechanisms of these inhibitors, in silico docking studies were applied. Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations were performed for docking poses which utilize to illustrate the inhibition mechanism of used inhibitors into active site of CAII. These sulfonamide containing compounds generally were competitive inhibitors with 4-nitrophenylacetate as substrate. Some investigated compounds here showed effective hCA II inhibitory effects, in the same range as the clinically used sulfonamide, sulfanilamide or mafenide and might be used as leads for generating enzyme inhibitors possibly targeting other CA isoforms which have not been yet assayed for their interactions with such agents.