Abstract
Advanced oxidation (e.g., fenton-like reagent oxidation and ozone oxidation) is a highly important technology that uses strong oxidizing free radicals to degrade organic pollutants and mineralize them. The fenton-like reactions have the characteristics of low cost, simple operation, thorough reaction and no secondary pollution. Fenton-like reagents refer to a strong oxidation system composed of transition metal ions (e.g., Fe3+, Mn2+ and Ag+) and oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, etc). Graphene and carbon nanotube possess a distinctive mechanical strength, flexibility, electrical and thermal conductivity and a very large specific surface area, which can work as an excellent carrier to disperse the catalyst and prevent its agglomeration. Fullerene can synergize with iron-based materials to promote the reaction of hydroxyl groups with organic pollutants and enhance the catalytic effect. Fenton-like catalysts influence the catalytic behavior by inducing electron transfer under strong interactions with the support. Due to the short lifespan of free radicals, the treatment effect is usually enhanced with the assistance of external conditions (ultraviolet and electric fields) to expand the application of fenton-like catalysts in water treatment. There are mainly light-fenton, electro-fenton and photoelectric-fenton methods. Fenton-like catalysts can be prepared by hydrothermal method, impregnation and coordination-precipitation approaches. The structures and properties of the catalysts are characterized by a variety of techniques, such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. In this paper, we review the mechanisms, preparation methods, characterizations and applications status of fenton-like reagents in industrial wastewater treatment, and summarize the recycling of these catalysts and describe prospects for their future research directions.
Highlights
Water is the source of life, and water quality has a direct impact on our survival and development
In order to better understand the chemical composition and electronic structure of the Fe/C/BN catalyst synthesized before and after the degradation experiment, Yao et al [100] conducted X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) research, the analysis revealed that the co-doping of B, N and Fe in the carbon skeleton by Fe/C/BN is the main active catalytic center for the effective oxygen reduction in the fenton-like process
The results revealed that the increase of visible light absorption intensity and the decrease of β-FeOOH particle size were favorable to the photocatalytic and photo-fenton reaction degradation
Summary
Water is the source of life, and water quality has a direct impact on our survival and development. Environmental problems are becoming gradually prominent, and there are increasing types of industrial and agricultural wastewater as well as urban sewage [1,2]. Chemical pollution is highly prevalent in our society, mainly referring to industrial wastewater containing various toxic contaminants (such as dyes, phenolic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and urban sewage containing pharmaceutical and personal care products, and agricultural wastewater contaminated with pesticides, insecticides and herbicides, etc., which are released without treatment [8,9,10]. Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants that have a profound and irreversible influence on human health despite their low concentrations in the environment. A deep treatment is necessary before discharging wastewater to make effluent emissions standards more stringent and to achieve the objectives of improving water quality and protecting the ecological environment
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