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Abstract
The behaviour features of carbonate sludge which are a waste of water treatment process were studied in aqueous and oil environment. Based on the analysis of images of carbonate sludge particles in liquid media made by laser scanning confocal microscopes, the existence of nanostructures of various chemical compositions having several hundred nanometers in size, both single and forming porous conglomerate structures with a developed surface was revealed. The existence of such fragmentation of fine carbonate sludge powder particles in liquid media suggests that the mechanism of action of sludge additives is similar to that of nanoparticles. It was shown that the waste of the water treatment can be used as a cheap and environmentally friendly nanostructured material for industrial and environmental engineering, in particular, to improve the properties of hydrocarbon fuels. If necessary, the effect of carbonate sludge can be enhanced by changing its composition at the coagulation stage or by adding other nanoparticles. The data on the composition and texture characteristics of used sludge were given.
Highlights
One of the areas of modern industrial engineering is the development and optimization of technologies for the use of nanocomposite materials, i.e. materials which include nanoparticles
In this paper the behavior features of carbonate sludge microparticles which is a waste of the water treatment process, in aqueous and oily media have been studied
Analysis of images of carbonate sludge particles in liquid media, performed by scanning confocal microscopy (LSM-510 Meta laser, Carl Zeiss, Germany and Leica TCS SP5 MP, Leica Microsystems, Germany), revealed the existence of nanostructures of various chemical compositions several hundred nanometers in size, both free and adhered to each other with the formation of porous structures. This means that the initial conglomerate microparticles of carbonate sludge in aqueous and oily media decomposed into smaller particles having a size of several hundred nanometers. Such fragmentation of particles of finely dispersed carbonate sludge powder in liquid media suggests that the mechanism of action of sludge additives is similar to that of nanoparticles
Summary
One of the areas of modern industrial engineering is the development and optimization of technologies for the use of nanocomposite materials, i.e. materials which include nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are materials with sizes ranging from units to several hundred nanometers. It is known that the addition of nanoparticles leads to a radical transformation of material properties by modifying their morphology with virtually no change in their chemical composition. The physicochemical, operational, and environmental characteristics of nanocomposite materials can change, for example, due to appearance of additional structuring in the sample volume in presence of nanoparticles.
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