Carbonate production, accumulation and sea-level change in fault-block platform setting: a case study on the Albian sequences in Central Tunisia

Abstract

The Albian series have been deposited on both sides of a major E–W paleogeographic fault, which was inherited in the early stages of the Tethyan-rifting phase. To the south of this fault, a shallow platform domain (footwall block or horst) occurred and is relayed northward by a slope-deep shelf setting (hanging wall block or graben). The platform to basin transition was analyzed northward of this fault nearby M’rhila Mountains. A detailed sedimentological study, coupled with a tectonic analysis, indicates that the Albian sedimentary deposits consist of four third-order depositional sequences. The three lower ones are only present in the deep-shelf setting and include substantial carbonate accumulations. The latter deposits are generally arranged into alternating mud-rich-bedded limestone and conglomeratic levels. Most of this material was exported from the adjacent shallow platform by mass flow and suspension transport processes. In the studied series, the maximum carbonate accumulation is recorded in the deep shelf during the moderate transgressive increasing and the late highstand decreasing rates of sea-level rise. However, the minimum carbonate sedimentation is thought to be linked to both the minimum lowstand and the maximum transgressive sea-level rise. The uppermost depositional sequence—which occurs on both sides of the major fault, is different from the three lower ones as it includes only scarce thin re-sedimented limestone beds. The youngest sequence is related to an important interplay between a pulse of tectonic subsidence and the major see level rise that happened during the upper Albian (100–98.9 Ma), resulting in a regional collapse of the substratum and the drowning of the carbonate factory situated southward. Therefore, the uppermost sequence is considered as a tectonically originated depositional sequence rather than a “pure” eustatic one. The organic-rich deposits associated to this sequence south and north of the major fault correlate well with the global anoxic events. The present study case represents a good example illustrating the role of local tectonics and global eustatic fluctuations in controlling not only the facies and thickness distribution but also the carbonate production and accumulation.