Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using apatite blocks fabricated by a dissolution–precipitation reaction of preset gypsum, with or without statin, to enhance bone formation during socket healing after tooth extraction. Preset gypsum blocks were immersed in a Na3PO4 aqueous solution to make hydroxyapatite (HA) low crystalline and HA containing statin (HAFS), or in a mixed solution of Na2HPO4 and NaHCO3 to make carbonate apatite (CO) and CO containing statin (COFS). The right mandibular incisors of four-week-old male Wistar rats were extracted and the sockets were filled with one of the bone substitutes or left untreated as a control (C). The animals were sacrificed at two and four weeks. Areas in the healing socket were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analyses. The bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation were greatest in the COFS group, followed by the CO, HAFS, HA, and C groups. The bone mineral density of the COFS group was greater than that of the other groups when evaluated in the vertical plane. The results of this study suggest that COFS not only allowed, but also promoted, bone healing in the socket. This finding could be applicable for alveolar bone preservation after tooth extraction.
Highlights
Adequate bone volume and bone density are prerequisites for a predictable long-term prognosis in implant dentistry
Containing fluvastatin immersed in a Na3PO4 solution demonstrated a broad
3c). were found to be CaSO4 ·2H2 O (Figure 3a), and the preset gypsum immersed in Na3 PO4 solution demonstrated a broad apatitic peak, indicating that it had undergone a compositional transformation from gypsum to low-crystalline apatite (Figure 3b)
Summary
Adequate bone volume and bone density are prerequisites for a predictable long-term prognosis in implant dentistry. Insufficient horizontal or vertical bone in patients precludes the successful outcome of an ideal implant placement [1]. Additional materials, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, or synthetic bone substitutes are often required to increase and augment the bone volume. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 ·2H2 O), known as gypsum, has been approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration for clinical use to reconstruct bone defects [3]. Gypsum has the ability to undergo in situ setting after filling the defect, has good biocompatibility, and promotes bone healing [4]
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