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Abstract
Bioethanol valorization to butanol by continuous heterogeneous catalytic self-alkylation provides an option for the fuel industry. Dimerization of ethanol (E) was studied over activated carbon supported metal loaded and metal-free alkaline catalysts using a flow-through tube microreactor, applying WHSVE of 0.20-2.0 gE/h gcat. , 21 bar total pressure and 275-400°C reaction temperature. Activated carbon (AC) was impregnated with various alkaline salts as the catalysts of the aldol reaction. Different basicity of the investigated catalysts resulted in differing catalytic activities. Butanol was the product of highest yield. Longer chain primary aliphatic alcohols, having even number of carbon atoms were also obtained with yield decreasing significantly with increasing chain length.
Highlights
Applications of ethanol as a platform chemical have generated new interest because of new economic opportunities seen in bio-based feedstocks, if it is derived from nonfood crops and lignocellulosic materials
Ethanol is being explored as a renewable alternative to gasoline, it poses several disadvantages
Ethanol has lower energy density than gasoline, readily adsorbs water and can be corrosive to engines made by current technologies
Summary
Applications of ethanol as a platform chemical have generated new interest because of new economic opportunities seen in bio-based feedstocks, if it is derived from nonfood crops and lignocellulosic materials (second-generation biomass). Ethanol is being explored as a renewable alternative to gasoline, it poses several disadvantages. Ethanol has lower energy density than gasoline, readily adsorbs water and can be corrosive to engines made by current technologies. Butanol offers a more viable option, as it has properties similar to that of gasoline. Upgrading of ethanol into an advanced biofuel, such as butanol, offers a more efficient alternative fuel from biomass sources. Bio-butanol is produced with the fermentative ABE (AcetoneButanol-Ethanol) process using Clostridium species. The chemical conversion route from bioethanol is more preferable, because the reaction proceeds more quickly and less steps are required to get the product [1]
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