Abstract
In the face of the traditional model of succession of native environments in pastures or agricultural areas, followed by superpastejo and the concern with emissions of greenhouse gases in the Brazilian Amazon region, this work aims to determine the influence of different land uses on carbon sequestration and soil organic matter changes in the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim, in state of Maranhão. This study evaluated different uses of the soil: native forest; secondary vegetation (capoeira); degraded pasture and CLFI (Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration) system. The deformed and undisturbed samples were collected at depths: 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30, 0.30-0.40, 0.40-0.60, 0.60-0.80 and 0.80-1.00 m. Soil densities were determined by the volumetric ring method, the carbon stocks by the carbon content in the soil evaluating the dry combustion, and the accumulated carbon stocks were calculated in 1.00 m. The physical fractions of the organic matter were determined by means of the granulometric method. At depth 0.0-0.10 m, the soil density in the native forest (1.17 g cm-3) was lower than the average of degraded pasture (1.40 g cm-3). There was no difference in the carbon content between all the land uses up to 0.40 m depth. The accumulated carbon stocks up to 1.00 m ranged from 49.52 Mg ha-1 to 64.41 Mg ha-1 and were higher in the native forest compared to capoeira and the ICLF system. In relation to the accumulated carbon stock, the native forest and degraded pasture were the ones that obtained the highest levels, followed by the capoeira and the CLFI system.
Highlights
In the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim and other regions of Amazonia, the practice of converting native forests to pastures for traditional cattle ranching or agricultural areas, which rapidly reach the stage of degradation, is predominant
The objective of this work was to determine the influence of different land uses on soil carbon sequestration and qualitative changes in soil organic matter, in the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim, in the Amazonian biome of the state of Maranhão
This study evaluated four different soil uses within the CLFI Technological Reference Unit at Embrapa Cocais
Summary
In the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim and other regions of Amazonia, the practice of converting native forests to pastures for traditional cattle ranching or agricultural areas, which rapidly reach the stage of degradation, is predominant. In 2015, at the 21st United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP-21), held in Paris, France, Brazil committed to reduce GHGs emissions by 37 percent until 2025 and by 43 percent, until 2030 (La Rovere, 2017). To this end, the country intends to clear deforestation in the Legal Amazon and restore 12 million hectares of forests by 2030, through diversification of agricultural production and the recovery of degraded pastures. Vol 10, No 5; 2018 area, under intercropping, succession or rotation (Balbino et al, 2012) These systems bring several global and local environmental benefits, such as soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration, cash flow flexibility throughout the year and increased biodiversity
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