Abstract
Carbon nanostructures have been recently applied to improve industrial manufacturing processes and other materials; such is the case for lubricants used in the metal-mechanic industry. Nanotori are toroidal carbon nanostructures, obtained from chemical treatment of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This material has been shown to have superb anti-wear and friction reduction performance, having the ability to homogeneously disperse within water in concentrations between 1–2 wt.%. Obtained results of these novel nanostructures under water mixtures and novel additives were a set point to our studies in different industrial lubricants. In the present work, nanotori structures have been applied in various filler fractions as reinforcement to evaluate the behavior in thermal transport of water-based (WB) and oil-based (OB) lubricants. Temperature-dependent experiments to evaluate the thermal conductivity were performed using a thermal water bath ranging from room temperature up to 323 K. The obtained results showed a highly effective and favorable improvement in the heat transport of both lubricants; oil-based results were better than water-based results, with nanotori structures increasing the lubricants’ thermal transport properties by 70%, compared to pure lubricant.
Highlights
In industrial manufacturing systems a remarkable search to obtain the suitable material application and performance, optimizing devices, machines and designs, maintain or reducing materials consumption and pollution mitigation
Reinforcing conventional materials with solid carbon nanotori structures, promotes highly effective heat transfer behavior, which is mainly attributed to its anomalous high thermal conductivity at very low concentrations up to 0.10 wt.%
For oil-based lubricants, thermal conductivity improvements were observed as carbon nanotori and evaluating temperatures were increased, reaching a maximum of 46% at 323 K with merely 0.10 wt.%
Summary
In industrial manufacturing systems a remarkable search to obtain the suitable material application and performance, optimizing devices, machines and designs, maintain or reducing materials consumption and pollution mitigation. Lubricants and fluids are required in numerous engineering applications and fields such as energy, transportation, defense, aerospace, microelectronics, power transmission, and nuclear systems cooling, among others [2,3,4], for thermal transport and reduction of wear and friction in metal-mechanic manufacturing operations, such as in formingpunching, machining, drilling, among others [5]. These materials provide a proper working component interface, removing chips and debris from machined surfaces, reducing the risks associated with machinery failure or tooling damage, improving the quality of working components. Initially, this led to a range of issues such as a rapid sedimentation tendency of these solid structures within the fluidic media; forming sludge sediments; limiting the thermal transport capacity; and increasing the thermal resistance of the conventional fluids and lubricants
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