Abstract
The adsorption of molecules usually increases capacity and/or strength with the doping of surfaces with transition metals; furthermore, carbon nanostructures, i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphdiyne, etc., have a large specific area for gas adsorption. This review focuses on the reports (experimental or theoretical) of systems using these structures decorated with transition metals for mainly pollutant molecules’ adsorption. Furthermore, we aim to present the expanding application of nanomaterials on environmental problems, mainly over the last 10 years. We found a wide range of pollutant molecules investigated for adsorption in carbon nanostructures, including greenhouse gases, anticancer drugs, and chemical warfare agents, among many more.
Highlights
Since their discovery in 1985, the study of fullerenes and their exciting properties led to the subsequent discovery of many other carbon nanoforms: nanotubes, carbon onions, graphene, graphdiyne, carbon nanotori, etc., including hybrid nanostructures [1,2,3,4,5,6], see Figures 1 and 2
Most of the computational studies reviewed in this paper report the density of states (DOS) spectrum to complement their investigations on carbon nanostructures
We aimed to present the most important and recent advances in the study of polluting gas adsorption employing carbon nanostructures
Summary
Since their discovery in 1985, the study of fullerenes and their exciting properties led to the subsequent discovery of many other carbon nanoforms: nanotubes, carbon onions, graphene, graphdiyne, carbon nanotori, etc., including hybrid nanostructures [1,2,3,4,5,6], see Figures 1 and 2. Experimental results show that carbon nanotubes, when modified by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS), adsorb CO2 better This effect decreases with temperature and increases with water content in the air. Applying high pressures to double-walled carbon nanotube arrays increases the CO2 and N2 gas adsorption, an effect that is obtained by functionalizing the tubes via oxygen plasma treatment [26]. The adsorption of Xe by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been studied experimentally and using ab initio calculations. The adsorbed HCHO molecules alter the electronic structure of the CNNTs, reducing the HOMO/LUMO gap from its original value of 4.02 to 2.44 eV, according to ab initio calculations [38] These tubes can adsorb mixtures of SO2/N2 at the equimolar ratio, with MD calculations showing an increase in SO2 adsorption as the CNT diameter increases [39].
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