Carbon Nano-Onions as Nanofillers for Enhancing the Damping Capacity of Titanium and Fiber-Reinforced Titanium: A Numerical Investigation

Abstract

Improving the damping capacity of metal matrix composites is crucial, especially for applications in the aerospace industry where reliable performance against vibrations and shocks is mandatory. The main objective of the present study is the numerical prediction of the damping behavior of alpha titanium matrix nanocomposites reinforced with hollow carbon nano-onions at various volume fractions. According to the proposed numerical scheme, a structural transient analysis is implemented using the implicit finite element method (FEM). The metal matrix nanocomposites are modeled via the utilization of appropriate representative volume elements. To estimate the mechanical and damping behavior of the nanocomposite representative volume elements, axial sinusoidally time-varying loads are applied to them. The damping capacity of the metal matrix nanocomposites is then estimated by the arisen loss factor, or equivalently the tan delta, which is computed by the time delay between the input stress and output strain. The analysis shows that the loss factor of alpha titanium may be improved up to 60% at 100 Hz by adding 5 wt% carbon nano-onions. The numerical outcome regarding the dynamic properties of the carbon nano-onions/alpha titanium nanocomposites is used in a second-level analysis to numerically predict their damping performance when they are additionally reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers, using corresponding representative volume elements and time-varying loadings along the effective direction. Good agreement between the proposed computational and other experimental predictions are observed regarding the stiffness behavior of the investigated metal matrix nanocomposites with respect to the mass fraction of the carbon-onion nanofillers in the titanium matrix.