Abstract
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive detection of a variety of biological and pharmaceutical compounds. Since the discovery of carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, C60 and graphene, they have garnered tremendous interest for their potential in the design of high-performance electrochemical sensor platforms due to their exceptional thermal, mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors have been employed for the detection of various analytes with rapid electron transfer kinetics. This feature article focuses on the recent design and use of carbon nanomaterials, primarily single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), SWCNTs-rGO, Au nanoparticle-rGO nanocomposites, and buckypaper as sensing materials for the electrochemical detection of some representative biological and pharmaceutical compounds such as methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, valacyclovir, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH), and glucose. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of SWCNTs, rGO, and SWCNT-rGO for the detection of acetaminophen and valacyclovir was comparatively studied, revealing that SWCNT-rGO nanocomposites possess excellent electrocatalytic activity in comparison to individual SWCNT and rGO platforms. The sensitive, reliable and rapid analysis of critical disease biomarkers and globally emerging pharmaceutical compounds at carbon nanomaterials based electrochemical sensor platforms may enable an extensive range of applications in preemptive medical diagnostics.
Highlights
Owing to the advantages of instrumental simplicity, moderate cost, and portability, electroanalytical techniques provide a powerful sensing strategy, superior to various traditional analytical methods [1].Assorted electroanalytical techniques have been employed for the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the detection and quantification of myriad biomarker species, chemical compounds, and minerals in environmental and biological samples [2,3,4]
This feature article highlights some recent development of electrochemical sensor platforms employing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), SWCNT-rGO nanocomposites, Au nanoparticle-rGO nanocomposites, and buckypapers as sensing materials for the sensitive electrochemical detection of methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, valacyclovir, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH) and glucose with a main focus of the work carried out in the authors’ group
The prepared SWCNT/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was tested for the detection of methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, and valacyclovir
Summary
Owing to the advantages of instrumental simplicity, moderate cost, and portability, electroanalytical techniques provide a powerful sensing strategy, superior to various traditional analytical methods [1]. Carbon possesses the capacity to hybridize into sp, sp and sp configurations with narrow gaps between their 2s and 2p electron shells These unique properties are responsible for enabling the design of versatile carbon-based nanomaterials for the sensitive detection of biological compounds [13,14,15]. Buckypaper has been incorporated into the design of a mediator-free glucose sensor with high sensitivity, stability, selectivity, and reproducibility [28] This feature article highlights some recent development of electrochemical sensor platforms employing SWCNTs, rGO, SWCNT-rGO nanocomposites, Au nanoparticle-rGO nanocomposites, and buckypapers as sensing materials for the sensitive electrochemical detection of methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, valacyclovir, NADH and glucose with a main focus of the work carried out in the authors’ group. The conceptualization, design, optimization, and electrocatalytic activity of carbon based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for the detection of various important biological and pharmaceutical compounds are described to demonstrate the promising medical applications of the carbon nanomaterial based electrochemical platforms
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