Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are more and more being exploited for various applications including biological ones. To this end, they have been thoroughly studied for their potential as antibacterial, wound healing, and bioimaging agents. In this study, we examined the sun protection properties of CNDs. Dunaliella salina was selected as a promising precursor for the synthesis of CNDs which were compared with those produced by citric acid, a widely used precursor for such materials. The CNDs were examined spectrophotometrically, and the sun protection factors were calculated. Additionally, in vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate their UV protection properties and to obtain better insight into whether CNDs are suitable to be used as filters for the development of new sunscreens. The results were conclusive that both CNDs possess favorable properties that potentiate their use for the development of sunscreens. However, the CNDs from Dunaliella salina were found to be superior to those derived from citric acid. Therefore, they can further be exploited as sun protection filters.
Highlights
It is well known that exposure to sunlight has many benefits for human health
Detailed characterization data of the citric acid-based Carbon nanodots (CNDs) can be found in our previous study [15]
Our results demonstrate that both CNDs species exhibit sun protection properties, to a different degree
Summary
Overexposure has been associated with various skin problems, such as sunburn, accelerated skin aging [1], even cancer [2]. This is the reason that the World Health Organization has classified ultraviolet light as carcinogenic [3]. The most damaging type of irradiation for the skin is UV-C (280–200 nm), it poses no threat, since it is filtered from the ozone layer [4]. The use of sunscreens has been proved to protect the skin from UV damages. Many compounds are being synthesized and examined in terms of their UV absorbance properties These substances fall between two main categories: inorganic photoactive compounds and organic UV absorbers [6]
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