Abstract
CO2 removal from gas streams using energy-efficient and environmentally friendly separation technologies can contribute to achieving a low-carbon energy future. Carbon membrane systems for hydrogen purification, post-combustion CO2 capture, and natural gas (NG) sweetening are considered as green processes because of their low energy consumption and negligible environmental impact. Much effort has been devoted to enhancing gas permeance and/or selectivity of carbon membranes by tailoring micropore structures to accomplish different CO2 removal processes. In this review, the status of tuning microstructure and fabrication of the ultrathin selective layer of carbon membranes, as well as membrane module upscaling was analyzed. The precursors made from a clean process using the solvent of ionic liquids have a particular interest, and high-performance asymmetric carbon hollow fiber membranes (CHFMs) without complex pre-treatment were highlighted towards technology advances of carbon membrane development. Energy-efficient processes of carbon membranes for CO2 removal in oil/gas/chemical industries and power plants were discussed for decreasing production costs, environmental impact, energy consumption, and improving process flexibility. Future perspectives on advanced carbon membrane material development based on renewable precursors and simple carbonization processes, as well as module design and process optimization, were proposed.
Highlights
The rapid growth in greenhouse gas emissions has stimulated worldwide attention to look for green and clean energy resources alternatives to traditional fossil fuels
Tuning carbonization conditions and applying post-treatment steps can provide some facile ways to modify the microstructures of carbon membranes, and improve separation performance
The optimized carbon hollow fiber membranes (CHFMs) presents 50,000 times higher in terms of CO2 permeance and 41 times higher of CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to the original carbon membranes by the employment of a proper post-treatment, which is considered as a promising way to enhance carbon membrane separation performance
Summary
The rapid growth in greenhouse gas emissions has stimulated worldwide attention to look for green and clean energy resources alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. Compared to the conventional separation technologies of chemical absorption, pressureswing adsorption (PSA), and cryogenic distillation, membrane-based separation technology as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process is currently attracting particular interest for selected CO2 removal applications. Various membrane materials such as polymeric membranes [2,3], inorganic-based membranes like carbon molecular sieve (CMS) [4,5,6,7], graphene oxide (GO) [8], zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) [9,10], and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [11] have been developed for CO2-related separations. Future perspectives on material, module, and process development for CO2 removal with advanced carbon membranes were proposed
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