Abstract
Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) facilities are available in Japan, Germany, and China. The National Institute of Radiological Science (NIRS) and Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center (HIBMC), both institutions in Japan, have used CIRT to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in Germany has treated limited patients. The outcome of CIRT for HCC was been very encouraging. Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC) have started using CIRT for HCC since 2014. In this section, we will address CIRT for HCC.
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