Abstract
Metal oxychlorides are proved to be new cathode materials for chloride ion batteries. However, this kind of cathode materials is still in a very early stage of research and development. The obtained reversible capacity is low and the electrochemical reaction mechanism concerning chloride ion transfer is not clear. Herein, we report FeOCl/carbon composites prepared by mechanical milling of the as-prepared FeOCl with carbon nanotube, carbon black or graphene nanoplatelets as cathode materials for chloride ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of the FeOCl electrode is evidently improved by the incorporation of graphene into the cathode. FeOCl/graphene cathode shows a high reversible capacity of 184 mAh g−1 based on the phase transformation between FeOCl and FeO. Two stages of this phase transformation are observed for the FeOCl cathode. New insight into the reaction mechanism of chloride ion dissociation of FeOCl is investigated by DFT + U + D2 calculations.
Highlights
Metal oxychlorides are proved to be new cathode materials for chloride ion batteries
The crystal structure of FeOCl was maintained during mechanical milling (MM) when graphene nanoplatelets (GN) or carbon nanotube (CN) was used
The FeOCl/CN composite milled at 450 rpm (FeOCl/ CN-450) has an average grain size of 22 nm calculated according to the aforementioned three characteristic planes using the Scherrer equation, which is much smaller than 92 nm of the FeOCl/CN-250 sample
Summary
Metal oxychlorides are proved to be new cathode materials for chloride ion batteries. We report FeOCl/carbon composites prepared by mechanical milling of the asprepared FeOCl with carbon nanotube, carbon black or graphene nanoplatelets as cathode materials for chloride ion batteries. The improvement on the conductivity and structural stability of the FeOCl cathode is necessary Carbon material such as graphene[15], carbon nanotube[16], porous carbon[17], carbon black[18], activated carbon[19] or their hybrid[20] has been incorporated into the electrodes of rechargeable batteries. The FeOCl/GN composite cathode shows a high reversible capacity of 184 mAh g−1 by the phase transformation between FeOCl and FeO Two stages of this phase transformation were observed from the charge and discharge curves and the corresponding differential capacity plot. The DFT + U + D2 calculations have been performed to get an insight into the chloride ion dissociation process of FeOCl
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