Abstract
This research work reports on the potential of bagasse, a solid waste from sugar factories, to produce activated-carbon (AC) as an adsorbent. The activation was conducted under 500, 600, and 700 °C using steam as the activation agent to produce AC500, AC600, and AC700, respectively. The prepared-materials were characterized to understand their elemental content, surface morphology, thermal properties, functional groups identification, surface area, and pore size. AC700 provided the highest surface area of 592.36 m2/g and indicated the contribution of mesopores distributes along 1.5–8.0 nm of pore size. Therefore, an adsorption test was conducted with AC700 as adsorbent. The results show that methylene blue (MB) adsorption reached equilibrium after 30 min of adsorption time. The adsorption isotherm applied to a monolayer Langmuir isotherm was fitted by linearization, resulting in a constant R2 of 0.999. The MB adsorption to AC700 favorably occurred, as proven by the Freundlich parameter 1/n of 0.881, which is less than 1. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm confirmed that the adsorption proceeded through physical interaction with adsorption energy of 3.536 kJ/mol.
Highlights
Adsorption systems are prevalent in many fields, and various efforts have been made, such as for air conditioning systems [1,2] and heat pumps [3,4,5], to improve efficiency
The results showed good adsorption ability of the activated-carbon
At an activation temperature of 900 ◦C for 45 min under steam atmosphere, activated carbon extracted from olive bagasse was prepared, and the surface area increased up to 1106 m2/g [27] compared with N2 activation [21] and the activation under other chemical atmospheres [22,23,24]
Summary
Adsorption systems are prevalent in many fields, and various efforts have been made, such as for air conditioning systems [1,2] and heat pumps [3,4,5], to improve efficiency. The carbon activated by NaOH and H2SO4 was reported further, and the adsorption efficiency for methylene orange dye from aqueous solution was investigated [22] Another analysis was carried-out the chemical activation of carbon from bagasse by applying KOH solution with a KOH to biomass ratio of 1:3 under heat treatment of 800 ◦C for 30 min. At an activation temperature of 900 ◦C for 45 min under steam atmosphere, activated carbon extracted from olive bagasse was prepared, and the surface area increased up to 1106 m2/g [27] compared with N2 activation [21] and the activation under other chemical atmospheres [22,23,24]. The aim of this research work was to explore the possibility, through steam activation, of preparing activated carbon from bagasse—a solid waste of sugar factories. The interaction mechanism between the carbonaceous surface and methylene blue was proposed here
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