Abstract
ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE:To estimate the carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet and of sociodemographic strata of this population.METHODS:Carbon footprint of the diet was estimated based on data from two 24-hour diet records, obtained in 2008 and 2009, from a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years and over (n = 34,003) and on environmental impact coefficients of food and culinary preparations consumed in Brazil (gCO2e/kg). Means with 95% confidence intervals of food consumption (kcal/person/day) and the carbon footprint of the diet (gCO2e/person/day and in gCO2e/2,000kcal) were calculated for the population as a whole and for strata according to sex, age, income, education, macro-regions and Federative Unit. Linear regression models were used to identify significant differences (p < 0.05) in the dietary carbon footprint of different sociodemographic strata.RESULTS:The average carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet was 4,489gCO2e/person/day. It was higher for males, for the age group from 20 to 49 years and for the North and Midwest regions, and tended to increase with income and education. The pattern of association of footprint with sociodemographic variables did not change substantially with adjustment for differences in the amount of food consumed, except for a reduction in the relative excess of the footprint among males and an increase in the relative excess of the footprint in the Midwest region.CONCLUSION:The carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet exceeds by about 30% the footprint of the human diet, which could simultaneously meet the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet and the global goal of containing the increase in the planet's average temperature. The pattern of association of this footprint with sociodemographic variables can help identify priority targets for public actions aimed at reducing the environmental impacts of food consumption in Brazil.
Highlights
MÉTODOS: A pegada de carbono da dieta foi estimada com base nos dados de dois registros alimentares de 24 horas, obtidos em 2008 e 2009, de uma amostra probabilística da população brasileira com 10 ou mais anos de idade (n = 34.003) e em coeficientes de impacto ambiental de alimentos e preparações culinárias consumidos no Brasil
CONCLUSÃO: A pegada de carbono da dieta brasileira excede em cerca de 30% a pegada da dieta humana que poderia atender, simultaneamente, os requisitos nutricionais de uma dieta saudável e a meta global de contenção do aumento da temperatura média do planeta
Os moradores com dez ou mais anos de idade de todos os domicílios sorteados para a avaliação do consumo alimentar pessoal (n = 34.003) preencheram dois registros alimentares de 24 horas, em dias não consecutivos
Summary
Josefa Maria Fellegger GarzilloI , Priscila Pereira MachadoII , Fernanda Helena Marrocos LeiteI , Euridice Martinez SteeleI , Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie PoliI , Maria Laura da Costa LouzadaI , Renata Bertazzi LevyIII , Carlos Augusto MonteiroI. MÉTODOS: A pegada de carbono da dieta foi estimada com base nos dados de dois registros alimentares de 24 horas, obtidos em 2008 e 2009, de uma amostra probabilística da população brasileira com 10 ou mais anos de idade (n = 34.003) e em coeficientes de impacto ambiental de alimentos e preparações culinárias consumidos no Brasil (gCO2e/kg). As avaliações do impacto ambiental das dietas que abrangem a população em geral, bem como estratos sociodemográficos específicos, são relevantes porque identificam tanto os pontos críticos a se mudar na alimentação, quanto os grupos populacionais nos quais as políticas públicas devem focar para reduções substanciais dos impactos ambientais. Com base em dados coletados em inquérito nacional sobre o consumo de alimentos no Brasil, estimamos a pegada de carbono da dieta consumida pela população brasileira e da dieta de estratos sociodemográficos dessa população
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