Abstract
This work presents the structural characterisation of carbon fibres obtained from the carbonization of flax tow at 400°C (CFs400°C) and 1000°C (CFs1000°C) and the thermodynamic and kinetic studies of adsorption of Doxorubicin (Dox) on the fibres. The characteristic of carbon fibres and their drug adsorption and removal mechanism were investigated and compared with that of natural flax tow. All fibres were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), specific surface area analysis and Boehm titration. The results demonstrated the highest adsorption properties of CFs400°C at 323 K (qmax = 275 mg g−1). The kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model more closely, whereas the Dubinin–Radushkevich model suitably described isotherms for all fibres. Calculated parameters revealed that the adsorption process of Dox ions is spontaneous and mainly followed by physisorption and a pore-filling mechanism. The removal efficiency for carbon fibres is low due to the effect of pore-blocking and hydrophobic hydration. However, presented fibres can be treated with a base for further chemical surface modification, increasing the adsorption capacity and controlling the release tendency.
Highlights
This work presents the structural characterisation of carbon fibres obtained from the carbonization of flax tow at 400°C (CFs400°C) and 1000°C (CFs1000°C) and the thermodynamic and kinetic studies of adsorption of Doxorubicin (Dox) on the fibres
An additional advantage of carbon nanomaterials is that covalently modified carbon materials do not accumulate in organs but are prone to be excreted through u rine[17]
Adsorption mechanism on heterogeneous surfaces that follows a pore-filling mechanism can be described by temperature-dependent semi-empirical equation proposed by Dubinin R adushkevich[38]: qe = qmexp where: qe is the maximal amount of drug adsorbed per unit weight of adsorbent at equilibrium, Ce the equilibrium concentration of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) in the bulk solution, qm is a constant related to adsorption capacity, R—gas constant, T is absolute temperature, β (g2 kJ−2 ) is a constant related to the mean free energy of adsorption – E: E
Summary
This work presents the structural characterisation of carbon fibres obtained from the carbonization of flax tow at 400°C (CFs400°C) and 1000°C (CFs1000°C) and the thermodynamic and kinetic studies of adsorption of Doxorubicin (Dox) on the fibres. We characterized the structure of three types of fibres: flax tow—pristine fibres pFs, fibres after carbonization at 400°C (CFs400°C), fibres after carbonization at 1000°C (CFs1000°C) and investigated from the kinetic and thermodynamic point of view process of adsorption and release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox).
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