Abstract
Abstract Nanotechnology has become one of the most important topics since the beginning of the twenty-first century in numerous fields including drug synthesis and delivery, environmental protection, electronics manufacture, and astronomy due to their nanoscale particles and their properties. The traditional semi-quantum dots are replaced by a new category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. Carbon dots (CDs) have been explored in the last few years for their simple synthetic accession, good bio-consonance, and several revelation applications. This review explains the fluorescent properties of CDs in brief, giving also a background on CDs discovery, structure, and composition, as well as on nanocomposites, green synthesis, and their applications. Resources conservation can be achieved by using recycled substances for sustainable development which lead to a new technology. Fluorescent CDs synthesized from food wastes like bananas, orange peel waste, sugarcane bagasse, Trapa bispinosa peels, bread, and jaggery have several applications such as sensing, drug delivery, gene transfer, biological imaging, and food safety. In this study, we concentrate on CDs greener methods to prepare effective and biocompatible CDs.
Highlights
The important environmental matter that occupied our minds is that the world consists of 7.2 billion people and tolerating the waste resulted from food production as well as consumption of this population is considered a big disaster in our universe, a fundamental environmental issueNew category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials has size below 10 nm, which means it possesses ultrafine size which is referred to as carbon quantum dots (CDs)
Methyl orange (MO) photocatalytic activity was shown by CDs/Ag/Ag3PO4 complex as methyl orange (MO) dye was completely degraded within 10 min, on the contrary to CDs/Ag3PO4 complex which needed at least 25 min for degradation while pure Ag3PO4 requires 55 min to degrade, which means the prepared complex has the highest photostability and catalytic activity in addition to up-conversion PL exhibition
Rhodamine B (RhB)/TiO2 complex was doped on CDs to give an example of CD complex synthesis to perform a semiconductor photoelectric conversion system that led to improved photocurrent density
Summary
The important environmental matter that occupied our minds is that the world consists of 7.2 billion people and tolerating the waste resulted from food production as well as consumption of this population is considered a big disaster in our universe, a fundamental environmental issue. New category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials has size below 10 nm, which means it possesses ultrafine size which is referred to as carbon quantum dots (CDs). CDs are perfect for bioimaging [17,18,19] by shifting the emission wavelength to the red region as CDs emit blue fluorescence under UV excitation and they have different properties such as excitation-/pH-dependent property, chemical stability, and resistance to photobleaching as well as up-conversion fluorescence so that the CD synthesis and its numerous applications have been studied (Figure 2) [20]. Depending on the fluorescence changes, different sensing protocols will be achieved especially plenty of sensing strategies have been developed by variations in the CD synthesis methods [21,22,23]. Carbon dots: A review 135 discovery, structure, and composition as well as about the green synthesis of CDs, its fluorescent properties, and its several applications. We wish that the review presents worth information and easy induction of CD-based sensing
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