Carbon dioxide radical anion-based UV/S2O82−/HCOOH reductive process for carbon tetrachloride degradation in aqueous solution

Abstract

Abstract The reduction performance of carbon tetrachloride (CT) mediated by carbon dioxide radical anion (CO 2 − ) was investigated in this study, and CO 2 − was generated by the reaction of formic acid and sulfate radical produced in the UV/S 2 O 8 2− process. The effects of various factors including persulfate and formic acid concentrations, solution pH, and anions such as Cl − , HCO 3 − , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− were evaluated. The experimental results showed that CT could be almost completely removed in 60 min with 1.50 mM persulfate and 2.25 mM formic acid. CT degradation efficiency was found to increase with increasing persulfate (0.75−4.50 mM) and formic acid (0.75−2.25 mM) concentrations. In the pH adjusted solutions (from pH 6–8), maximum CT degradation occurred at pH 6. Both Cl − and NO 3 − (1−100 mM), as well as HCO 3 − at high concentrations (10 and 100 mM), adversely affected CT degradation performance. The addition of methyl viologen as CO 2 − scavengers proved the presence of CO 2 − in this UV/S 2 O 8 2− /HCOOH process, and the dechlorination of CT was not complete as Cl − release rate was 80.6% after 240 min.