Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop and validate the methodology of carbon dioxide concentration in the evaluation of vigor of Triticum aestivum L. seeds based on infrared spectroscopy. The proposed method quantifies CO2 content using a drag system and exhaustion to the gas released by the seeds. Samples of 50 seeds of six lots of cultivar CD 123 were incubated at temperatures of 15, 25 and 40 °C. The CO2 content released after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h of incubation were quantified. Additionally, the percentage of normal seedlings emerged in the field were evaluated. The simple correlation coefficients were evaluated among tests. After determining the reading conditions, the precision and accuracy of the proposed method were evaluated, using 15 lots of seeds. For the evaluation of the respiratory activity in Triticum aestivum seeds, a sample of 25 seeds, incubated at 25 °C for a minimum of 12 h is recommended since it allows to classify lots with different levels of vigor and predict the establishment of seedlings in the field, being the appropriate method for measuring CO2 as it externalizes precision between successive measurements and agreement with the reference method.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal of great importance in the world for human and animal nutrition
Two groups were formed, where the one with the lowest viability resulted in a germination of 94% and the other lots with a mean of 98%, with all lots showing a germination percentage greater than the minimum (70%) recommended by Normative Instruction 45/2013 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, which deals with the establishment of identity and quality standards for the production and commercialization of Triticum aestivum seeds (Brasil, 2013)
The loss in the integrity of biological membranes is an effect caused by the deterioration that occurs in advance to the loss of germination speed and seedling growth (Benamar et al, 2003) because these physiological effects evaluated by the test of the first germination count and dry mass of seedlings, respectively, only allowed the formation of two groups of the respective plots
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal of great importance in the world for human and animal nutrition. It is considered a dominant crop in areas of subtropical and temperate climate; it has a significant impact on the world agricultural economy. The investigation for self-sufficiency in production and higher productivity partly depends on the quality of the seeds used in the crop. Vigor tests have been used in tools used by the seed industry to eliminate low-quality seed lots for commercialization. Respiratory activity is one of the first biological manifestations of loss of vigor (Rosental et al, 2014) and its detection may help in the monitoring and control of the quality of seed production by the seed industries
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