Abstract

Inasmuch as the European Union promotes only energetically viable heat pumps in a given location, the aim of the work is an assessment of whether a ground-to-water heat pump (ground source heat pump: GSHP) can be considered as an ecological heat generator in Polish climatic conditions and those of the energy market. Here, as an estimator, the net seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOPnet) was selected. Estimation was done using 10-year temperature measurements. It was found that in heating mode SCOPnet value equaled 4.83, satisfying European Commission guidelines. According to the guidelines, the minimal SCOPnet value in Polish energy market conditions should exceed 3.5. CO2 emissions from the GSHP represented two-thirds of CO2 emissions of an air-to-water heat pump (air source heat pump: ASHP) in the same building. The ground heat pump thus meets the ecological heat generator conditions set by the European Commission.

Highlights

  • Increasing temperature, which has been observed for over a century, has led to international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and regulations such as European Union directives [1], where renewable energy sources (RES) are promoted

  • The purpose of the work is to assess whether ground-to-water heat pumps can be considered as ecological heat generators

  • Carbon dioxide emissions are calculated for GSHP and ASHP, as investigated earlier [2]

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Summary

Introduction

Increasing temperature, which has been observed for over a century, has led to international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and regulations such as European Union directives [1], where renewable energy sources (RES) are promoted. There are two low-temperature sources in the case of heat pumps: the Sun and the Earth’s inner core. Air-to-water heat pumps fail EU requirements [1] in Polish energy market conditions [2,3], due to too-low temperature values during the heating season. Since the temperature below the shallow zone is stable and at a sufficiently high level [4], the Earth’s inner core has higher energetic potential in a given location. The water-to-water heat pump satisfies EU requirements [5]. The purpose of the work is to assess whether ground-to-water heat pumps can be considered as ecological heat generators

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