Carbon Dioxide Effects on Carbohydrate Status and Partitioning in Rice

Abstract

The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been rising and is predicted to reach double the present concentration sometime during the next century. The objective of this investigation was to determine the long-term effects of different CO2 concentrations on carbohydrate status and partitioning in rice (Oryza sativa L cv. IR-30). Rice plants were grown season-long in outdoor, naturally sunlit, environmentally controlled growth chambers with CO2 concentrations of 160, 250, 330, 500, 660, and 900μmol CO2 mol1 air. In leaf blades, the priority between the partitioning of carbon into storage carbohydrates or into export changed with developmental stage and CO2 concentration. During vegetative growth, leaf sucrose and starch concentrations increased with increasing CO2 concentration but tended to level off above 500μmol mol−1 CO2. Similarly, photosynthesis also increased with CO2 concentrations up to 500μmol mol−1 and then reached a plateau at higher concentrations. The ratio of starch to sucrose concentration was positively correlated with the CO2 concentration. At maturity, increasing CO2 concentration resulted in an increase in total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and culms. Carbohydrates that were stored in vegetative plant parts before heading made a smaller contribution to grain dry weight at CO2 concentrations below 330μmol mol−1 than for treatments at concentrations above ambient Increasing CO2 concentration had no effect on the carbohydrate concentration in the grain at maturity