Abstract
Due to rapid industrialization and urban development across the globe, the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been significantly increased, resulting in adverse effects on the climate and ecosystems. In this regard, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered to be a promising technology in reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Among the CO2 capture technologies, adsorption has grabbed significant attention owing to its advantageous characteristics discovered in recent years. Porous carbon-based materials have emerged as one of the most versatile CO2 adsorbents. Numerous research activities have been conducted by synthesizing carbon-based adsorbents using different precursors to investigate their performances towards CCS. Additionally, amine-functionalized carbon-based adsorbents have exhibited remarkable potential for selective capturing of CO2 in the presence of other gases and humidity conditions. The present review describes the CO2 emission sources, health, and environmental impacts of CO2 towards the human beings, options for CCS, and different CO2 separation technologies. Apart from the above, different synthesis routes of carbon-based adsorbents using various precursors have been elucidated. The CO2 adsorption selectivity, capacity, and reusability of the current and applied carbon materials have also been summarized. Furthermore, the critical factors controlling the adsorption performance (e.g., the effect of textural and functional properties) are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions have also been summarized.
Highlights
Physical and Chemical Properties of CO2Carbon dioxide (CO2)Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a triatomic gas under ambient conditions [1], which is abundant, non-toxic, recyclable, and economical [2]
From an economic point of view, CO2Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be converted into high-value chemical products such as urea, carbonates, and acrylates [3] through catalytic conversion, mineralization, photochemical, or electrochemical reactions, and supercritical CO2 can be utilized in various industrial fields, including food beverages, refrigerants, transportation fuels, fire extinguishers, polymer synthesis, medical, and exploitation of heavy oil
Khalza et al [79] have claimed that the amine polymerization of activated carbon could decrease the number of carboxylic groups while increasing the basic sites on the support surface, which is beneficial for improving the CO2 capture performance
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a triatomic gas under ambient conditions [1], which is abundant, non-toxic, recyclable, and economical [2]. CO2 sublimates from solid-state to gas at −78 ◦C under atmospheric pressure and is comparatively inert. As a commonly known fact, CO2 gas that naturally occurs in the Earth’s atmosphere is of paramount importance to photosynthesis [1]. From an economic point of view, CO2 can be converted into high-value chemical products such as urea, carbonates, and acrylates [3] through catalytic conversion, mineralization, photochemical, or electrochemical reactions, and supercritical CO2 can be utilized in various industrial fields, including food beverages, refrigerants, transportation fuels, fire extinguishers, polymer synthesis, medical, and exploitation of heavy oil. Solid-state CO2 can be used in artificial rainfall and concrete production [4,5]
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