Abstract
The aim of current paper was to investigate the possibility of increasing the toxicity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on Escherichia coli K-12 by preliminary enrichment of culture media by carbon dioxide (CO2). For this purpose, the microbes sensitivity to H2O2 or/and Ca(ClO)2 at normal and CO2-enriched medium was studied by spectrophotometric, radioisotopic, and electronmicroscopic methods. Ten-minute preincubation in CO2-enriched medium enhanced the toxic effect of both H2O2 or/and Ca(ClO)2 on bacteria as a result of induced growth inhibition, compared to no-CO2 enriched group. Additionally, changes in cell morphology and proliferation were observed. It was demonstrated that the preliminary incubation of microbes in CO2-enriched culture media in nonsupercritical concentration elevate the toxic effect of H2O2 or/and Ca(ClO)2 on microbes. This can serve as a novel, effective, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach for water purification from bacteria, further improving the protection of the environment and human health.
Highlights
One of the global challenges of the 21st century is to find the best method for cleanup of aquatic ecosystems from microbes, which will be cheap, safe for human health, and environmentally friendly [1, 2]
The current paper suggests a novel tool for enhancement of the efficiency of the two most common disinfecting agents, such as H2O2 and Ca(ClO)2 by combing them with CO2
Our data clearly showed that CO2 increased the toxic effect of H2O2 and/or Ca(ClO)2 on microbes, and it could be used as a promising tool for water purification
Summary
One of the global challenges of the 21st century is to find the best method for cleanup of aquatic ecosystems from microbes, which will be cheap, safe for human health, and environmentally friendly [1, 2]. Chlorination is one of the most widely used processes for microbial control [3] in both drinking water and wastewater processing [4]. Chlorine is a powerful antimicrobial substance due to its potential oxidizing capacity [3]. It is difficult for microorganisms to survive in such concentrations. At low chlorine levels, microorganisms that survive the treatment may be injured rather than inactivated [6]. An appreciation of the nature of sublethal injury and repair is, important in devising chlorination strategies and in developing combination treatments with synergistic actions against the target microorganisms. The mechanisms of action of chlorine on microorganisms have been widely investigated [8]. The mechanism by which chlorine exerts its lethal effect has never been fully elucidated
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