Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage: Pathways for India

Abstract

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) would be an essential component of various strategies to address global climate change. It will play a major role in removing carbon emissions that can not be avoided. The countries are adopting and have successfully practiced various financial/ policy instruments such as carbon pricing, tax credits, and procurement programs in favour of low-carbon products to make CCUS economically viable. India is one of the countries those have submitted their net-zero emission targets. However, hard-toabate sectors like industries and irreplaceable coal power plants that jointly contribute to almost 80% of total CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions, can achieve net-zero only by utilisation of negative emission technologies such as CCUS. CCUS technology allows various capture methods followed by different separation technologies of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The transportation of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> can be done through pipelines, rails, trucks, and ships. The captured CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> can be converted into different products for various applications and storage. In this paper, different CCUS technologies with various methods of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> separation and carbon capture are discussed. The paper presents a short review of different CCUS projects running in India at a pilot stage along with challenges in their commercial implementation.