Carbon and Graphite Fibers

Abstract

AbstractCarbon and graphite fibers have rapidly emerged as a primary reinforcement in composite applications requiring high specific stiffness and strength. These fibers are manufactured from the thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile, pitch, or rayon precursors. The modulus and strength of carbon fibers can be adjusted through control of process conditions resulting in a family of carbon fiber products classified as low modulus (LM), standard, intermediate modulus (IM), high modulus (HM), and ultrahigh modulus (UHM) carbon fiber. Primary process steps including precursor formation, stabilization, carbonization, surface treatment, and sizing are described. Basic interrelationships between fiber structure, fiber properties, and process conditions are reviewed. Brief overviews of quality control approaches, safety and health considerations for handling carbon fiber, applications, and market growth are also included.