Carbon-14 labeled transformation of atrazine in soils: Comparison of superabsorbent hydrogel coating and technical material

Abstract

Atrazine exhibits adverse effects on diverse organisms in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, even though it effectively targets specific organisms. This study employed superabsorbent hydrogels to coat 14C-atrazine coupled with a four-compartment model to determine the fate of this herbicide in three oxic soils over a 100-day incubation period. Mineralization of atrazine was limited in all soils, with rates remaining below 3.5 %. The encapsulation treatment reduced mineralization of atrazine in soil A and soil B. Bound residues ranged from 26.1 to 43.6 % at 100 d. The encapsulation treatment enhanced the degradation of atrazine and reduced the content of deethylatrazine in soil A, but significantly increased the content of deisopropylatrazine in soil A and hydroxyatrazine in soil C. Using the obtained data, we also constructed a four-compartment model to clarify the relationships among the parent compound, degradation products, bound residues, and mineralization. This model accurately fits the fate of atrazine in the present work. Additionally, the correlation study suggested that both soil parameters and superabsorbent hydrogels played significant roles in influencing atrazine transformation. These findings serve as a reference for evaluating the environmental impact of superabsorbent hydrogels in atrazine pollution reduction and offer a foundational model approach for a comprehensive understanding of organic pollutants.