Abstract
Triazole-appended pyrenyl-modified carbohydrate 1 was introduced in one step for detecting Cu2+ ions over various metal ions and anions in a 90 % aqueous acetonitrile medium. Selectivity of 1 towards Cu2+ ions was established from spectroscopic (absorbance and fluorescence) variations. Probe 1 is more effective in sensing Cu2+ ions within the pH range from 6 to 11. The quenched fluorescence of 1 with Cu2+ at a second was attributed to the reverse PET process from pyrene to electron-deficient Cu2+. The Stern-Volmer plot indicated static quenching at lower concentrations of Cu2+ ions, but both static and dynamic quenching processes were involved at higher concentrations. The ligand-metal ratio (1:1) was established from the Job plot and supported by the complex's HRMS data. The detection limit of 1 (0.08 µM) indicated that probe 1 can detect Cu2+ ions in the micromolar range. The binding mode of 1 with Cu2+ and HOMO-LUMO of 1 and 1-Cu2+ were discussed from DFT calculations. Finally, the practical use of the probe was established from the recovery of Cu2+ ions from natural water samples.
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