Abstract
Carbene variations of a series of fundamental reactions, the features of their course in comparison with classical analogues have been first summarized and analyzed in the review. A number of carbene transformations described in the literature relates to classical name reactions being substantially their carbene variations acquiring the characteristics with the participation of carbenes. The attention in the review is drawn to such important analogies. Besides the carbene mechanism, they differ from the classical versions of the reactions because they mostly proceed under milder, sometimes considerably milder conditions. They always lead to specific products, the structure of which is conditioned by the nature of carbenes as ambiphilic reagents, and it affects certain stages and the final result of the reaction. In the above terms, such reactions are considered for the cases when carbenes are stoichiometrical components (carbene variations of Bodger, Michaelis-Arbuzov, Leuckart-Wallach reactions, Claisen condensation, Hoffman elimination), as well as for the cases when they are catalytic components (transesterification, Stetter reactions, benzoin condensation, nucleophilic aromatic substitution). At the present stage carbene variations of the classical reactions have become promising in the synthesis of some pharmaceutical substances, as well as in diesel fuel obtaining from vegetable oils. The review is intended to initiate further searches and deepening of such analogies.
Highlights
According to the results of the biological testing the compounds synthesized belong to the toxicity of class IV. 7-(2-Hydroxy-3-p-methoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-8-(furyl-2-methylamino)-3methylxanthine xanthine shows the highest diuretic activity, and requires a more in-depth study since it is twice more active than hydrochlorothiazide
It should be emphasized that all compounds synthesized exhibit a marked diuretic effect
Experimental part. 8-Bromo-7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-methoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine was obtained by heating 8-bromo-3-methylxanthine with p-methoxyphenoxymethyloxirane in butanol-1 and in the presence of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine. 8-Aminosubstitutied of 7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-metoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine was obtained by boiling of bromoalcohol with the primary and secondary amines
Summary
Synthesis and the diuretic activity of 8-aminosubstituted of 7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-metoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine. It has been found that natural xanthines, as well as their synthetic analogs, possess the diuretic effect. Analysis of the literature proves that there is a great opportunity of applying synthetic derivatives of N-methylated xanthines as potential diuretics. Aim. To develop preparative methods of the synthesis of 8-aminosubstituted of 7-(2-hydroxy-3-p-metoxyphenoxypropyl-1)-3-methylxanthine and study their physical, chemical and biological properties
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