Abstract
The carbazole class is made up of heterocyclically structured compounds first isolated from coal tar. Their structural motif is preponderant in different synthetic materials and naturally occurring alkaloids extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. Concerning the biological activity of these compounds, many research groups have assessed their antiproliferative action of carbazoles on different types of tumoral cells, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, hepatic, oral cavity, and small-cell lung cancer, and underlined their potential effects against psoriasis. One of the principal mechanisms likely involved in these effects is the ability of carbazoles to target the JAK/STATs pathway, considered essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation. In this review, we report the studies carried out, over the years, useful to synthesize compounds with carbazole moiety designed to target these kinds of kinases.
Highlights
Over the years, sulphur and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have attracted particular interest
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) constitute a group of cytoSignal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) constitute a groupin ofcritcyplasmic proteins that function as signal messengers and transcription factors engaged toplasmic proteins that function as signal messengers and transcription factors engaged ical cellular events with the use of multiple cytokines and growth factors
A recent study demonstrated that unphosphorylated STAT3 possesses the function of promoting heterochromatin formation in lung cancer cells, suppressing cell proliferation in vitro, and suppressing tumor growth in mouse xenografts [45]
Summary
Sulphur and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have attracted particular interest. Since that moment, these compounds represented a great concern due to the attractive structural characteristics and encouraging biological effects displayed by several carbazole alkaloids [10,11,12]. The majority of carbazole alkaloids were extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. These alkaloids were isolated from fungi and algae belonging to Streptomyces, Aspergillus, and Actinomadura species and the ascidian Didemnum granulatum [14].
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