Abstract
In 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) launched the 'European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE)' project to gain insights into the occurrence and epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), to increase the awareness of the spread of CPE, and to build and enhance the laboratory capacity for diagnosis and surveillance of CPE in Europe. Data collected through a post-EuSCAPE feedback questionnaire in May 2015 documented improvement compared with 2013 in capacity and ability to detect CPE and identify the different carbapenemases genes in the 38 participating countries, thus contributing to their awareness of and knowledge about the spread of CPE. Over the last two years, the epidemiological situation of CPE worsened, in particular with the rapid spread of carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)- and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In 2015, 13/38 countries reported inter-regional spread of or an endemic situation for CPE, compared with 6/38 in 2013. Only three countries replied that they had not identified one single case of CPE. The ongoing spread of CPE represents an increasing threat to patient safety in European hospitals, and a majority of countries reacted by establishing national CPE surveillances systems and issuing guidance on control measures for health professionals. However, 14 countries still lacked specific national guidelines for prevention and control of CPE in mid-2015.
Highlights
In 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) launched the ’European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE)’ project to improve the understanding of the occurrence and epidemiology of CPE, to increase awareness of the spread of CPE and to build laboratory capacity for diagnosis and surveillance in Europe
Enterobacteriaceae still had the widest dissemination in Europe, but carbapenem-hydrolysing oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48)-producing Enterobacteriaceae had almost reached the same spread, a change compared with February 2013, with eight countries reporting regional or inter-regional spread and another two countries reporting an endemic situation (Figure 2)
In 2013, at the beginning of the EuSCAPE project, knowledge about the spread and occurrence of CPE was heterogeneous among European countries [1]
Summary
The global rise of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is alarming and represents an increasing threat to healthcare delivery and patient safety in Europe and beyond.In 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) launched the ’European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE)’ project to improve the understanding of the occurrence and epidemiology of CPE, to increase awareness of the spread of CPE and to build laboratory capacity for diagnosis and surveillance in Europe.In February 2013, a self-assessment questionnaire was sent to one national expert (NE) from each of the EuSCAPE participating countries (i.e. 28 European Union (EU) Member States, Iceland, Norway, the seven EU enlargement countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey) and Israel, to gather information on the current awareness of and knowledge about the spread of CPE, the public health responses and the available national guidelines on detection, surveillance, prevention and control, as well as on the capacity for laboratory diagnosis and surveillance. In 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) launched the ’European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE)’ project to improve the understanding of the occurrence and epidemiology of CPE, to increase awareness of the spread of CPE and to build laboratory capacity for diagnosis and surveillance in Europe. Answers indicated that the knowledge and awareness of the spread of CPE and the laboratory capacity for diagnosis and surveillance were heterogeneous among countries [1,2]. These findings highlighted the urgent need for a coordinated European effort towards early diagnosis, active surveillance and guidance on infection control measures [1,2]
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