Carbamazepine reduces short-interval interhemispheric inhibition in healthy humans

Abstract

Objective We sought to elucidate the influence of centrally active drugs on interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) between primary motor cortices in healthy humans. Methods We therefore studied IHI before and 2 h after intake of a single oral dose of carbamazepine, dextrometorphane, lorazepam, or placebo and compared it with the well known results for short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Drugs were tested in separate sessions and in random order. Results While SICI and ICF were not altered by carbamazepine, IHI was reduced at the interstimulus interval of 8 ms. Dextrometorphane tended to enhance SICI and to reduce ICF and had no effect on IHI. Lorazepam reduced ICF as expected and enhanced IHI at the long intervals of 50 and 80 ms. A moderate trend for interhemispheric facilitation was inconsistently observed at the interval 2 ms and blocked by carbamazepine. In addition, carbamazepine increased the motor threshold. Conclusions We conclude that circuits mediating short interstimulus intervals of IHI are susceptible to sodium channel blockade. Significance The results increase our knowledge of interhemispheric transmission.