Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br.: Anti-Inflammatory, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Activities against Nosocomial Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes of Chemically Characterized Fractions.

Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati,Samir Ibenmoussa,Gamal A Mostafa,Meryem Slighoua,Riaz Ullah,Hamza Saghrouchni,Ahmed Bari,Essam Ezzeldin,Mohammed Bourhia,Andriy Grafov,Dalila Bousta

doi:10.3390/molecules26030636

Abstract

Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br.: (C. europaea) is a wild medicinal plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It is commonly used in traditional medicines for treating several diseases. The present work aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials of C. europaea fractions including hydro ethanol (ET CE), n-butanol (But CE), and polyphenol (Poly CE). The chemical composition of hydroethanol, n-butanol, and polyphenol-rich fractions from C. europaea were determined using GC-MS after silylation. The anti-inflammatory effect of hydroethanol, n-butanol, and polyphenol-rich fractions was studied by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of hydroethanol, n-butanol, and polyphenol-rich fractions against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts were assessed using the disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays. The findings of the chemical characterization affirmed the presence of interesting bioactive compounds in C. europaea fractions. The polyphenol-rich fraction was the best inhibitor of edema by75.68% after 6 h of treatment. The hydroethanol fraction was the most active against both bacteria and yeasts. This study contributes to society as it provides potential bioactive compounds in C. europaea extract, which may help in fighting nosocomial antibiotic-resistant microbes.

Highlights

IntroductionIt is estimated that about 80% of the population based in developing countries use herbal medications for medication purposes [1]
For a long time, medicinal plants have been used to fight diseases
Silylation followed by GC-MS analysis of the hydroethanol fraction from C. europaea revealed the presence of several compounds including coumaran-3-one, 2-phenylthiophene, oxalic acid, proline, and propanoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy], trimethylsilyl ester (Figure 1 and Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

It is estimated that about 80% of the population based in developing countries use herbal medications for medication purposes [1]. Due to their accessibility and affordability, natural remedies are remarkably used in low-income settings for the treatment of several diseases, including inflammation, bacterial, and fungal infections [2]. Chronic use of conventional drugs to fight inflammatory diseases, bacterial and fungal infections may have side effects, such as allergy, gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as drug resistance [6]. The development of novel and effective natural-product-based plants to treat inflammation, bacterial, and fungal infections has received full attention and has become a considerable topic of several scientific communities [7]

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Conclusion