CARAH (International Conference on Artificial Reefs and Related Aquatic Habitats): an historical perspective of accomplishments

Abstract

In 1974, artificial reef researchers organized the first International Conference on the subject of ‘Reefs’. The conference was held 20–22 March 1974 in Houston, Texas, USA ‘…to provide an international forum for the exchange of information, experiences and thoughts among persons involved with or interested in any aspect of artificial reef research, construction or use’ (Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Reefs, Houston, 1974, Texas A & M University Sea Grant College, College Station, TX). Nearly forty years have passed since that initial meeting and, while there have been many other conferences held on the subject of artificial reefs (see Bortone 2011a for a partial review), the need for these fora continues. Over the years, there have been changes in approaches, technology, political climate, and financial conditions with regard to artificial reef research. Stone et al. (1991) and Bortone (2011a) presented summaries of the previous CARAHs. The purpose here is to emphasize the milestones with regard to technology, direction, emphasis, scope and accomplishment of the efforts of the international artificial reef research community. It is through this perspective that one should gain an appreciation of the overall contribution that CARAHs have made toward refinement and progression to resolve many of the issues we face today in modern aquatic resource management. The continuing level of involvement occurs in the absence of a formal society, standing organizing committee, or scientific tribunal to oversee its progress. The fact that these conferences have occurred with such frequency, orderly direction, and high standards is attributable to the professionalism and diligence of all involved.