Abstract
The mediastinum is a complex anatomical region located at the junction of the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions. It is an important lymphatic gateway that has an impact in many pathologies with nodal involvement and for which 18F-FDG PET/CT is a central examination. In this review article, we propose to recall the normal and pathological lymphatic drainage, mediastinum anatomy, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) lymph node classification and its implications in lung cancer. Then we will detail the morphological and metabolic characteristics, principal etiologies and the procedures to access mediastinal lymph nodes.
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