Características de las caídas de causa neurológica en ancianos

Abstract

Falls are a cause of disability and death in geriatric population. Third part of the elderly suffer at least one fall per year. Neurological illness are a very important risk factor in developing falls. To establish the differences between neurological and not neurological patients with recurrent falls. We select 113 patients over 65 years-old with two or more falls in the last six months, collecting demographic and medical data, as well as a functional, mental and social evaluation, gait and balance tests and posturography. Complementary examinations were done to clarify the diagnosis in each case. Average age was 78 years-old. We define a group A, patients in which the main cause of falls is a neurological disease and group B with a non-neurological cause. Group A shows more number of falls (p < 0.053), worse functional (p < 0.002) and mental (p < 0.001) situation and more comorbility (p = 0.05), as well as worse scores in gait tests. Neurological illness are a very important risk factor in falls due to the disturbances in gait and balance that they produce. Dementia, parkinsonism and cerebrovascular diseases are frequently found in elderly patients with recurrent falls. Patients with falls due to neurological illness tend to fall oftener and have worse mental and functional situation. Evaluating neurological risk factors in geriatric patients with recurrent falls is essential to establish appropriate prevention strategies.