Caracterización química de extracto alcohólico de hoja de guayaba (Psidium guajava) y su efecto como inhibidor de movilidad para Escherichia coli O157:H7

Abstract

The objective was to characterize and determine the mobility inhibitory effect in Escherichia coli O157: H7 of of guava leaves (Psidium guajava). New alternatives of natural origin plant extracts have been sought to eliminate colonization of pathogenic bacteria in animals and prevent contamination of meat. Guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava) has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, due to the active ingredient quercetin. E. coli O157: H7 enterohemorrhagic, is a pathogen of great importance in public health, which can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome, and ruminants are recognized as the main host of E. coli O157: H7. The extract was prepared with guava leaves in 70% ethanol, obtaining a crude extract (Extract A) and a concentrated extract using the soxhlet equipment (Extract B). Its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography. Nursing ruminants with diarrheal syndrome were sampled, the samples were transported in Stuart medium. The bacteria were isolated in Mac Conkey medium and subsequently seeded in CHROMagar™ 0157 medium for the identification of E. coli O157:H7. Mobility tests of E. coli O157: H7 were carried out in SIM medium, with guava leaf extract and as a reference, concentrations of carvacrol of 0.3, 1 and 5 mM and quercetin 205, 102 and 51 mM were used. 78 E. coli O157: H7 were identified, which showed inhibition in mobility at different concentrations of carvacrol, in quercetin 205 mM and 102.5 mM and in A and B. It is concluded that the alcoholic extract of guava leaves and its compound in a greater proportion (quercetin) they are effective in inhibiting the mobility of E. coli O157 H7.