Caracterización biopsicosocial de una población de adolescentes embarazadas. Experiencia en una empresa promotora de salud, Bogota DC, Colombia

Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is recognized in the world as a public health problem of multifactorial etiology, generating a higher risk of complications during pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium, which increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: to describe the biopsychosocial profile and maternal perinatal outcomes of a population of pregnant adolescents affiliated with a health promotion company (EPS-S) in Bogotá DC in the first semester of 2011. Methods: descriptive observational study of a cohort of 121 patients admitted in any trimester of pregnancy and followed until delivery. Sociofamilial, demographic variables and maternal and perinatal outcomes are described. Results: average age 17.3 years (SD 1.3), the most common family typology was nuclear 57% and extensive 20.6% with family dysfunction in 38.9%. 63.6% had a family history of teenage pregnancy, with the mother being the most frequent 68.8%. 75.2% did not plan and 64.5% did not want gestation. Comorbidities in the course of pregnancy were urinary tract infection 27.36% and vaginosis 24%. Distocia of the decrease was presented in 9.1%, lesions of the channel 4.1%, hypertensive disorders 4.1% and low weight at birth 4.9%. Neonatal mortality was 1.6%, no maternal mortality was reported. Conclusion: there was no higher frequency of complications during pregnancy or delivery compared to other series of non-adolescent pregnant women, neonatal mortality is equal to that observed for all ages at the local and national levels. Although it has been proposed that this group is at high risk, it is probable that having no population in early adolescence minimizes complications. The social risk derived from family dysfunction can not be ignored.