CAR T-Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors: Current Review and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new type of targeted approach for tumors in clinical practice. At present, this technology is mainly used in hematological malignancies, while its application in solid tumors is limited, where histopathological characteristics might impede CAR-T cell infiltration and trafficking. To further expand the feasibility of CAR-T cell therapy, potential solutions have been put forward, such as enhancing CAR-T cell functioning with chemokine receptors, applying immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination, etc. In this review, we will focus on complexity of solid tumor microenvironment, adaptability of CAR-T cells, mechanisms of immune escape, and the ability of CAR-T cells to infiltrate tumor cells.