Abstract
The paper aims to carry out the ordinal evaluation of 30 countries of North and South Americas, separately at two different points of time on 30th July 2020 and on 30th November 2020, on the basis of 13 select criteria. It also compares the changes in the relative rankings, if any, between these two points of time of the nations caused by changes in the pandemic mitigation strategy – i,e by easing the restrictions. The study has used the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach for evaluation. The data analysis part has two major sections. The first section assigns weights to all of the thirteen criteria using the Entropy method. The second section uses the TOPSIS method of MCDA. The assigned weights indicate that two of the least important criteria are the counts of daily new cases per million population and the daily new deaths per million populations. The rankings of most of the nations differ on 30th November, 2020 over that on 30th July 2020. Changes in the values of these two criteria, in fact, caused the changes in the ordinal rankings of the nations. These two parameters represent the outcome of the COVID-19 mitigation efforts put forth by the nations. It also establishes that the COVID-19 mitigation strategy really matters when it comes to the ordinal ranking and performance appraisal of the nations. The novelty of the paper is that for the first time, the MCDA technique is used to analyse the impact of policy intervention in pandemic mitigation.
Highlights
The paper aims to evaluate the socio-demographic profiles of the countries of both the North and South Americas
The health profile can be decided by factors like hospital beds per thousand population, the death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of diabetes, rates of daily new cases of COVID-19 infection and the rates of daily new deaths caused by COVID-19
With this backdrop showcasing the popular uses of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis tools for comparative evaluation of nations, the present study has the following objectives: (i) Ordinal evaluation of 30 countries of Americas at two different points of time: as on 30th July 2020 and on 30th November 2020. (ii) To compare and contrast the changes in the relative rankings, if any, of the nations caused by changes in the pandemic mitigation strategy – in the present case by easing COVID-19 restrictions
Summary
The paper aims to evaluate the socio-demographic profiles of the countries of both the North and South Americas. Such profile plays an important role in the achievements on the health front. The socio-economic profiles can be judged by parameters like gross domestic product per capita and human development index. The health profile can be decided by factors like hospital beds per thousand population, the death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of diabetes, rates of daily new cases of COVID-19 infection and the rates of daily new deaths caused by COVID-19. The combined impacts of all the three profiles lead to the evaluation of the performances of the countries
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