Abstract
Plastic production has been increasing at enormous rates. Particularly, the socioenvironmental problems resulting from the linear economy model have been widely discussed, especially regarding plastic pieces intended for single use and disposed improperly in the environment. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions caused by inappropriate disposal or recycling and by the many production stages have not been discussed thoroughly. Regarding the manufacturing processes, carbon dioxide is produced mainly through heating of process streams and intrinsic chemical transformations, explaining why first-generation petrochemical industries are among the top five most greenhouse gas (GHG)-polluting businesses. Consequently, the plastics market must pursue full integration with the circular economy approach, promoting the simultaneous recycling of plastic wastes and sequestration and reuse of CO2 through carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategies, which can be employed for the manufacture of olefins (among other process streams) and reduction of fossil-fuel demands and environmental impacts. Considering the previous remarks, the present manuscript’s purpose is to provide a review regarding CO2 emissions, capture, and utilization in the plastics industry. A detailed bibliometric review of both the scientific and the patent literature available is presented, including the description of key players and critical discussions and suggestions about the main technologies. As shown throughout the text, the number of documents has grown steadily, illustrating the increasing importance of CCU strategies in the field of plastics manufacture.
Highlights
Considering these conflicting aspects, it becomes possible to suggest that the main problem in the plastics industry is the proper integration of the whole plastics chain with the approaches of a circular economy, helping to combat the ever-intensifying climate change, encouraging the use of renewable feedstocks and renewable energy, promoting the recycling of wastes [17,25], and, as discussed in the present review, using carbon capture and utilization strategies to circulate the carbon atoms in the plastics chain [2,34,35,36,37]
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Capturing CO2 constitutes the first stage of the CO2 recovery process, considering both utilization and storage
Summary
Many studies have indicated that the use of plastic materials constitutes an efficient choice in terms of energy consumption and GWI because of several inherent key characteristics, which make them highly competitive with other common materials (such as glass, metal, wood, and paper), encouraging the continued growth of consumption of plastic products [1] Considering these conflicting aspects, it becomes possible to suggest that the main problem in the plastics industry is the proper integration of the whole plastics chain with the approaches of a circular economy, helping to combat the ever-intensifying climate change, encouraging the use of renewable feedstocks and renewable energy, promoting the recycling of wastes [17,25], and, as discussed in the present review, using carbon capture and utilization strategies to circulate the carbon atoms in the plastics chain [2,34,35,36,37]
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