Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic disease associated with chronic inflammation involving activated macrophages. Antihypertensive drugs (for example, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors—ACEIs) used in the treatment of hypertension have immunomodulatory properties. On the other hand, the immunological effect of diuretics and combined drugs (diuretics + ACEI) is unclear. Therefore, we examined the influence of diuretics and combination drugs (ACEI + diuretic) on cellular response (contact hypersensitivity), production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), and nitric oxide (NO), and the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12). CBA mice were administered i.p. captopril (5 mg/kg) with or without hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg) or furosemide (5 mg/kg) for 8 days. On the third day, the mice were administered i.p. mineral oil, and macrophages were collected 5 days later. In the presented results, we show that diuretics administered alone or with captopril increase the generation of ROIs and reduce the formation of NO by macrophages. Moreover, tested drugs inhibit the secretion of IL-12. Diuretics and combined drugs reduce the activity of contact hypersensitivity (both activation and induction phases). Our research shows that the tested drugs modulate the cellular response by influencing the function of macrophages, which is important in assessing the safety of antihypertensive therapy.
Highlights
Received: 10 November 2021Hypertension in adults is defined by the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association (ACC/AHA) Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines as blood pressure equal to or higher than 130/80 mmHg
Treatment with Captopril with or without Diuretic Drug Affects contact hypersensitivity (CHS) Response Induced by Macrophages
Our findings imply that the assayed drugs suppress CHS response sponse by affecting macrophage antigen-presenting activity, their ability to release Th1by affecting macrophage antigen-presenting activity, their ability to release Th1-inducing inducing IL-12 as well as their cytotoxic reactivation by effector T lymphocytes
Summary
Received: 10 November 2021Hypertension in adults is defined by the American College of Cardiology/AmericanHeart Association (ACC/AHA) Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines as blood pressure equal to or higher than 130/80 mmHg. Isolated systolic hypertension is defined by the ACC/AHA as 130 mmHg and above, while diastolic blood pressure has normal values (below 80 mmHg). Isolated diastolic hypertension is an opposite clinical situation, i.e., when normal values of systolic blood pressure are accompanied by diastolic blood pressure over 80 mmHg. In the treatment of hypertension, according to the American Heart Association and the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC), the most important determinant of cardiovascular risk reduction is the degree of blood pressure reduction, not the choice of antihypertensive drug [2]. This conclusion applies to patients with an increased cardiovascular risk, as confirmed in the ALLHAT [2], VALUE [3,4], and CAMELOT studies [5]
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